What Factors Affect the Rate of Reaction Between Magnesium and Hydrochl

Science Coursework – What factors effect the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid? Background Knowledge There are four factors that can affect the rate of reaction and they all rely on the collision theory. This is basically how hard and how often particles collide with each other. The more and harder they collide, the faster the reaction time will be. If the acid is made more concentrated there are more particles, which means collisions are more likely. So, the higher the concentration, the quicker the reaction time is. Temperature also affects the rate of reaction. If the temperature is increased, the particles move quicker so more collisions happen. This means the higher the temperature, the quicker the reaction time. Adding a catalyst increase...

Importance of Negotiation: Planning

Negotiation Strategy: Planning is Critical University of Phoenix Krystal Torrez Week 2 In negotiation the underlying interest of the party is equally as important as the outcome of acheivment. To meet the desired goals negotiators must be aware of the uniquely different needs and accomodations each desired goal requires. By accepting the differences between each desired goal the team will be better prepared in finding appropriate strategies and solutions. Negotiation should always be approached in a serious, well thought out manner to result proactively. Lack of planning often appears at the negotiating table as too much reliance on demands and ineffective attempts to persuade the opponent (Cronin-Harris, 2004). Author Cathy Cronin-Harris discusses good planning based on five strategies below, which may be the difference between effective negotiation and failed negotiation. In effective negotiation, establishing and ranking priority interests, assessing opposing parties’ priorites, understanding the representation of money, careful planning of factual inquiries and principle based money moves are the five strategies of planning in negotiation. Prior to negotiation each party should thouroghly study possible outcomes, priority interests, and the ranks of importance all the different interest of the desired outcome may have. The reason for ranking items by importance is to have less important items to offer as trade during the process of the actual negotiation. Understanding the opposing parties’ desired outcome and priorities is also significantly inportant in planning for a smooth negotiation process. By understanding the desired outcomes of both parties involved a possible solution may be achieved benefiting both parties. Prior to the process of a negotiation the negotiator must undertsand what money is representing if money is a possible outcome for either party. Most times money is only considered a substitute of satisfaction. However, by being aware of what the money is being used as a substitute for may allow the negotiator to creatively offer other ooptions more closely related to the real underlying issue. Allowing problem solving to be more beneficial to both negotiators. The careful planning of factual inquiries may result in the surfacing of new data. By allowing time to be curious and asking questions the negotiator may find a different plan of action. Although, all negotiators fear being taken advatnage of, information may result in outcomes positively affecting both parties. Lastly, prior to the launch of the negotiation appropriate money moves must be established. By establishing reasonable offers a negotiator may be more successful in receiving the amount set out for. In closing, proper nplanning in regard to negotiation may not only lead to professional confidence but acheivment of the desired outcome. By appropriately planning a strategy for a negotiable scenario, both parties may receive desired results, rather than, repeatitive bargaining. Works Cited Cronin-Harris, C. (2004, December). Negotiation Strategy: Planning Is Critical. Retrieved April 11, 2010, from www. phoenix. edu: http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=bth&AN=15290421&site=bsi-live

Developing Persuasive Business Messages - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1458 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Introduction Product selection is defined as the process where a number of criteria are followed are taken into consideration through identification, reviewing and the selection of the new commodity regardless of their limits towards the quality and safety. In this essay I will describe to the president about selection of the new and why I think it’s important to invest the capital resources in enhancing the development of the product or the service, in addition I will also convince the audience in every way possible to ensure that they have developed the interest on the item or service, also I will use AIDA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   model to provide good and adequate information to both the official and those who are out, give credibility to my request, visualize the readers minds and make them believe that I am talking about a beneficial thing to their company but not for my own benefits this can be well achieved by giving out the relevant example on what I am explaining to them and also request f or a specific course of action to be undertake and what as well as how to deal with any difficulty in selling the units to the customers and last but not the least, the channels to be used in making the product or service, then at the consideration of the multinational and cross culture implications.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Developing Persuasive Business Messages" essay for you Create order I am writing this to inform you that I have selected a product which I suggested that we adopt it in our organization by investing in this product, I feel that it’s good to for it will improve our profit making in the organization as whole, despite the fear of loss, it’s good to know that for us to succeed, that is realization of profits then we must take risk, and as I know that you are good in trying new ideas, then you will consider my view and start investing capital on it, definitely all will be successful and the organization will enjoy the benefit. To make it easy we need to apply the AIDA marketing model, here we can create awareness or else affiliation on the product to make many people be aware of the new product, secondly, and we must generate interest on top of the product, this will attract the buyer to begin with his investigation further, furthermore, we have desire which is the connection towards the brand emotionally, this makes the buyer start liking i t and lastly, the action which involves the interaction of the buyer and the   company either through phone calls, live chat and joining a newsletter among many others. Therefore, this marketing model will lead to buyer’s influencing and then eventually they buy the product or service, this becomes an advantage to the organization. I will also ensure my credibility approaching every audience in a different approach, this will make me be seen as a credible person, and again I respect their opinions highly together with their points of view and also conduct myself in a manner that comforts them. (Rawal, 2013) In an occasion where the sale of the selected product doesn’t initially sale according to the way that was expected to be, then we shall have a duty to lay down the strategies which could improve the quantity sold. Also we need to understand that when a product or service is new in the market, the customers might be fearing to buy it, they might be fearing on the side effects of the product, at this initial stage there are very few innovators who decide to take the risks, the sales will normally be low and many people are in the laggards stage, that is being traditionally bound, makes it difficult to go for the new brand products, and therefore a demand for mass distribution of the new product or services arises, however this sufficient for increasing sales, another supportive action also is needed, this supportive action is none other than ensuring that massive advertising of the product,   this creates the awareness of the product to a large number of   people who decide s to look for the product or service, therefore it is seen clear that distribution of the product and services to different geographical areas goes hand in hand with advertisement, by doing so the sales units of the product will start increasing. Another alternative for solving this problem of sales of the product being low is to lower the price when the monetary value is lowered, there is high penetration while when the price is extremely high, there is low penetration of the market. Therefore the organization will only have to reduce the price in order to get many customers whereby the sales units will increase, however, I must be keen on this lowering of prices to ensure that the organization doesn’t operate at loss. After our brand has been known by many buyers, then we will have to do some improvements on it so that we can gradually increase the prices as well as increasing the volume of sales of the selected product or services. Selecting the product is not the last step, therefore as a company, we must consider the selling of the product, and this can be done in four different ways which are termed to as the digital channels for marketing channel. (Rosenbloom, 2012).  These channels of selling include direct selling which involves selling the product selected one on one to the consumers, unlike the oldest form of selling the up-to-date form of selling through demonstration, arrangements involving personal contact and sales on the internet. This method will be appropriate for it will attract many customers due to the numerous benefits like demonstration, home conveyance, useful information concerning the product is shared to the buyers, on the other hand, it’s a is very cheap to start as an organization we will be using this when we want to show the performance of the product or when customers are concentrated in one area. Secondly, there is selling through intermediaries, this channel involves the wholesalers and retailers who are used by the business organization to ensure that the product reaches the final consumer. We can use this when the targeted customers are scattered over large geographical areas where it is difficult t6o demonstrate. Thirdly, there is dual selling, here we engage in selling the product or service in two ways in order to reach the final consumer, for example, we can sell our product to other organizations for resale or direct to the final user. By using this channel, we will be able to realize doubling in the sales volume of the product. There are a number of cross-country culture impacts, they are as follows; cultural identity, culture is the study of ways, values and attitudes possessed by people from a particular place, these attitudes and ethics impacts communication since everyone has different norms which he or she practices happens to be different from one another thus it can easily lead to a clash in the workplace or in some parts of the world. Racial identity, which is the person’s ownership to a particular race may have an effect on the way we interact with the workmates. Even when a person is needed at place of work, many leaders always looks for the people from their race, this may cause hatred among the people in a certain field, another major impact of cross-culture is gender roles which simply means people are affected from the perceptive in which their societies views towards the roles of women and men. For example, in an organization, we find that men are allocated high paying jobs as compared to women who are paid. Lastly, I will look at the multinational implication, especially in communication. When a common language which everybody in the workplace is known by every person,   there will be effectiveness in communication hence creating a favorable working environment, this also lead to easy sharing of information and easily getting the solution of any problem that might occur, this is made necessary by having a collective discussion on the matter. In conclusion, I can say that, if a product is selected, the appropriate strategies must be employed wisely in order to ensure that there is a balance especially in pricing strategy which should balance the cost and the selling price of the product to prevent occurrence of loss and at the same time increase the number of sales. Also, the AIDA model should be adequately applied for it will lead to increase in selling of the product, otherwise the person who has selected the product should emulate the discussed point throughout the essay so that the organization can take control of the product hence realizing profits.

Philosophy of Aldi Essay Example For Free At Magic Help - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2309 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Aldi have made great strides in entering the UK grocery market. Please analyse Aldis current marketing strategy and provide recommendations for how Aldi can enhance their marketing strategy to gain a greater share of the UK Grocery Market. Introduction Marketing in simple terms can be described as offering a right product at a right place at the right time and with a right price. The Management Gurus emphasise on the four Ps of marketing which are often called the marketing mix. These four Ps are Product, Place, Price and Promotion. Marketing mix is an important tool to make an efficient marketing plan for a successful product offering. These four Ps of marketing mix can help achieving the business targets of sales, profit and consumer satisfaction. The essay examines marketing strategies of a German supermarket chain named Aldi, in the UK. The paper is divided in to four sections. The first section gives a brief history about Aldi. The second section talks about its position in the UK market. The third section analyses the marketing strategy of Aldi on the basis of the four Ps. The last section gives recommendations on marketing strategies for the future growth of the company in UK market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Philosophy of Aldi Essay Example For Free At Magic Help" essay for you Create order A brief history of Aldi Aldi, one of the worlds largest privately owned companies, is a grocery supermarket chain with a base in Germany. The name Aldi has come from the abbreviation of Albrecht (family name) Discount. The business started in 1913 with a food store in the town called Essen in Germany. By 1960s this family business was expanded to 300 stores in Germany and that is when the business was separated into two groups Aldi Nord (North) with a headquarter in Essen and Aldi SÃÆ'Â ¼d (South) with a headquarter in MÃÆ'Â ¼lheim an der Ruhr (Emsell, 2011). The business was separated over a disagreement on whether to sell cigarettes in the stores or not (Ruddick, 2012). These two organisations now operate independent to each other. On international levels, Aldi Nord operates in Portugal, Denmark, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg, Spain, and Poland. Aldi SÃÆ'Â ¼d is functional in Ireland, United Kingdom, Hungary, Switzerland, Australia, Austria and Slovenia and United States of America with over 8000 stores in total (Aldi UK website, 2015). Aldi in the United Kingdom Taylor and Lee (2007) have stressed the adverse effects on the international buyer behaviour due to cultural disparities. KPMG (2014) states that the shopping culture in UK is associated with the quality and not necessarily with price. It further mentions that higher level of customer services is one of the main attributes of this culture. That is the reason why in spite of the dominance of the big four -Tesco, Sainsburys, ASDA and Morrisons MS and Waitrose have done huge investments in the grocery industry. However Aldi has not only managed to attract the customers in the UK by overcoming the hurdles but also has acquired a significant market share. Table 1- Market share of Supermarkets in the UK in March, 2015 Supermarket Market Share (In %) Tesco 28.4 ASDA 17.1 Sainsburys 16.4 Morrisons 10.9 The Co-operative 6.0 Aldi 5.3 Waitrose 5.1 Lidl 3.7 Iceland 2.1 Source: BBC, 2015 According to Wallop (2008), Aldi pledged to open one store every week in the UK with a target of opening 1500 stores in the country. Currently there are 500 Aldi stores in the UK (Aldi UK Website, 2015). Aldi has made its position in the top nine superstores of the country among Tesco, Sainsburys, Morrisons, ASDA, Waitrose, Lidl and Iceland. Aldi is now UKs sixth biggest grocery chain taking over Waitroses market share (BBC, 2015). The Marketing Strategies of Aldi Aldi is a discount supermarket chain and so cost control is in the culture of the business. The model of Aldis grocery retailing has remained unchanged since its initiation in Germany (Emsell, 2011). Price, Place and Product strategies The business philosophy of Aldi is to focus on indispensable investments and avoid the superfluous in order to give the customers maximum possible savings. According to Rudolph et al (2012, p-142), Aldis cost only add 13% to the procurement price, 2% each for logistics, rental, overheads and marketing plus about 5% for staff. Instead of extending its opening hours like other competitors in the UK, all Aldi stores function limited opening hours, which recently extended to 12 hours ( from 8am to 8pm). In contrast, many other competitor stores are available for shopping for 24 hours, 7 days and 365 days which seems an apparent strategic intention. One cannot see the add on services at any Aldi store, for example lottery terminals, childrens play area, photo booths, lavatory, dry cleaning services, currency exchanges, news agent, tobacco counters on entry and exit, a separate customer service counter or a coffee shop. The simple reason being that these facilities have its cost which w ould add up to the end cost to the customer (Emsell, 2011). In a typical Aldi store, one can also observe three to seven employees to run the entire functioning of the store which is a different strategy to other supermarkets which have a high staffing level to provide high standards of customer service. The firm can achieve a low payroll to sales turnover ratio with such staffing level which can help the lower the prices. According to The Times 100 Business case studies (2010), the key idea that makes Aldis approach work is the concept of limited assortment. The Aldi store size is relatively small in comparison to the rival grocers with an average floor space of between 650 square meters to 1000 square meters. The usual Aldi store has a common layout with only four shopping aisles also the packaging and displaying products strategy at Aldi is cost effective. However the stores generally have a free parking space which attracts customers significantly. The case study further ment ions that while selecting a location for store, Aldi takes in to consideration the population of the area which should be more then 30,000. Also the stores are always at the very good visibility from a main road and with good public transport connectivity. The sales philosophy of Aldi is very different to other leading grocers in the UK. As the branded products have less operating profit, Aldi has taken an approach to sell products which are equivalent to brands (Wood, 2011). A typical large Tesco or Sainsburys store stocks around 50,000 product lines, of which 50 per cent are their own brands (Voberda et al., 2011). The success key for any business is to attract the buyer which certainly depends largely on a competitive pricing. Being a discount retail chain, competitive pricing is at the core of Aldis philosophy. Aldi works on economies of scale. In simpler terms it means, buying products in large quantities so it gives leverage for bargaining for the best possible price which allows Aldi to sell at the most competitive prices. Currently every week Aldi comes with a different range of products on a Thursday for example bathroom accessories, garden furniture, kitchen and other household equipment. These products are different to the usual grocery items in the stores in terms of its availability. These products are limited in stock and not permanently available in the store. One can observe a great deal of excitement in the customers in the stores due to the scarcity and affordability of the products. To promote these product ranges, posters of the items are found in the stores for the upcoming week. Promotion Strategies According to the Times 100 Business Case studies (2010), one of the unique marketing strategies Aldi has adopted is the advertisements with brand comparisons. These adverts demonstrate that Aldi brands are of equal quality to well-established brands for example, Pampers diapers, Heinz tomato ketch up and Fairy Liquid. To prove this Aldi ran blind taste experiments amongst a section of shoppers. This experiment suggested that the majority of consumers that preferred the well-known brands also liked Aldi brands. These findings created the basis to Aldis most popular Like Brands campaign. The advertisements of the Like Brands provided the business with a stand to speak about its quality and most importantly its value for money. This campaign was effective in showing the customers how much more their money can fetch by shopping from Aldi with a slogan, Like brands. Only cheaper. The campaign provided a character to the Aldi products because the advertisements use humours which help to build confidence and an emotional connection with target audiences. In addition, according to Times 100 Business Case studies (2010), Aldi prints around 1 million copies of brochures per week to distribute in the store as well as to customers living in surrounding areas. These brochures promote products with limited availability and seasonal and weekly offers available in stores. Another campaign of Aldi is swap and save. The newspaper adverts of Aldi promote the Aldi brands by showcasing the saving customers can have by swapping from the leading grocers to Aldi. This promotion is in the similar lines of Tescos big price drop campaign or Sainsburys brand match campaign. In this era of social media, it has become easy at the same time unavoidable to communicate directly with the targeted audience. One such online campaign of Aldi is Aldi Advocates. This particular promotion is for consumers who recommend Aldi to others because of its low prices compared to other brands. For exampl e, the I Love Aldi campaign asked fans of the Aldi Facebook page, to send a virtual Aldi Valentines card to a Facebook friend, completing the sentence I love Aldi because This was encouraged by providing rewards of ÂÂ £10 vouchers and a box of Aldi chocolates for their Valentine (Aldi UK Facebook Page, 2015). Recommendations The UK grocery industry is one of the most established and competitive globally, however dynamics of such industry change rapidly (KPMG, 2014). In spite of Aldis great stride in entering the UK grocery market and taking over a significant market share, one cannot deny the fact that the dynamics of ever changing business world can hurdle this growth. One can also not deny the fact that the competitors are also working towards increasing their market share and exploiting the resources. Though Aldi has managed to reach in to the competition with Waitrose, Cooperative and Morrisons, the market share of Tesco, ASDA and Sainsburys is comparatively very high (Table -1). Also Lidl and Poundland have a similar market strategy of discounted products as Aldi. In such cut throat competition it is challenging to not only enhance the market share but also merely maintaining it. Morgan et al., (2004) in their study have emphasised on product quality as one of the most important determinants of ma rket share. Thirkell and Dau, (1998) revealed that quality and add on services have positive and high correlation with business performance. Thinking on the similar lines, one can recommend the quality enhancement to give a tougher competition to the leading supermarkets. However there is a risk associated with that approach as frequent changes in the business strategy can lead to loss of grip on the monitoring and controlling of the business. Businesses with a lack of clear strategy often face difficulties in customer targeting (Lancaster et al, 2002). However Aldi has a great scope in providing value added services. Facility of online shopping is one such value added service. Home delivery of the shopping items as well as click and collect services can be easily implemented in todays internet era as the other leading supermarkets are also offering such services. With plenty of options available, even with good quality and low prices, loyalty can be great issue of concern for a grocery firm. Various loyalty cards and point based reward system can be introduced to ensure the market share to be somewhat stable. UK being a culturally diverse country, a wide range of products such as Indian, Chinese, Caribbean grocery items should be added to attract more customers. The campaign of swap and save can be taken a step further by upgrading the software system. Currently it is showing the price difference on the newspapers and advertisements which should be reflected on the receipt after the shopping to inform the customers personally how much they have saved by shopping in Aldi. References Aldi UK Website (2015) https://www.aldi.co.uk/ Aldi UK Facebook page (2015). Available at https://www.facebook.com/AldiUK BBC (2015) Aldi overtakes Waitroses market share. BBC News dated 8th April, 2015. . [Online] Available at https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-32218170 Emsell, P. (2011) Aldi The No Frills Retailer. University of Huddersfield. [Online] Available at https://eprints.hud.ac.uk/12404/1/Microsoft_Word_Aldi_case_study_for_Bus_Strategy.pdf KPMG (2014) The Future of the Grocery Sector in the UK. [Online] Available at https://www.kpmg.com/uk/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/newsreleases/pages/the-future-of-the-grocery-sector-in-the-uk.aspx Lancaster, G., Massingham, L. and Ashford, R. (2002) Essentials of Marketing. Fourth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. Morgan, N., Kaleka, A., and Katsikeas, C. (2004). Antecedents of export venture performance: a theoretical model and empirical assessment. Journal of Marketing 68(1): 90- 108. Ruddick, G. (2 012) Billionaire Aldi heir Berthold Albrecht dies at 58. The Telegraph, dated 7th December, 2012. [Online] Available at https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/9729434/Billionaire-Aldi-heir-Berthold-Albrecht-dies-at-58.html Rudolph, T., Schlegelmilch, B., Bauer, A., Franch, J. and Meise, J. (eds.) (2012) Diversity in European Marketing: Text and Cases. Germany: Springer Gabler. Voberda, H., Morgan, R., Reinmoeller, P., Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., Hoskisson, R. (2011) Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalisation, South Western: Cengage Learning. Taylor, C.R. and Lee, D. (2007) Cross-cultural Buyer Behavior. Amsterdam: Elsevier. The Times 100 Business Case Studies (2010). Creating Value through the Market Mix. [Online] Available at https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/aldi/creating-value-through-the-marketing-mix/introduction.html#axzz3gTvS06RA Thirkell, P. C., and Dau, R. (1998). Export performance: Success Determinants for New Zealand Manufacturing Exporters. European Journal of Marketing, 32(9/10): 813- 829. Wallop, H. (2008) Aldi pledges to open a new store every week. The Telegraph , dated 30th June, 2008. [Online] Available at https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/2792467/Aldi-pledges-to-open-a-new-store-every-week.html Wood, Z (2011) Aldi effect is back: spending squeeze lifts discounter into profit. The Guardian , [Online] Available at https://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/oct/04/aldi-effect-back-discounter-profit

Their Eyes Were Watching God 2 - 1009 Words

Love and Marriage Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston is a novel about a Southern black woman and her experiences through life. Janie, the main character, is forced at a young age by her grandmother, into an arranged marriage with a man named Logan. Janie is told to learn to love Logan, but the love never comes for Logan in Janie#8217;s heart so she leaves him. She meets a man named Joe. Soon after they are married. Joe was sweet at first, then his true feelings about women come out and Janie looses her love she thought she had for him. He soon dies after their separation. Janie then falls in love with a man named Tea Cake. He is the man with whom she has a wonderful, loving, happy†¦show more content†¦Janie, finds in the end, that love is undeniable. It is a different experience for each person you spend your time with. Janie finds different kinds of #8220;love#8221; with each of her husbands. Her marriage to Logan makes her realize that marriage do es not bring love. This experience makes her grow into a real woman. She grows up and starts to think for herself. Janie#8217;s marriage to Joe is also a growing experience for her because it let her know that a man#8217;s sweet words are not always true. She realizes that you have to get to know a person and build some trust and get to know a person before you get into a relationship. #8220;Love is lak de sea. It#8217;s a movin thing, but still and all, it takes its shape from de shore it meets and its different with every shore.#8221; Janie is saying that love takes a different form depending on who you are with, each different person representing the shores. This shows Janie#8217;s growth because she says that no matter what you do you have to grow into a love and you can not predict what your next experience is going to be or even who it is going to be with. You can not prejudge love. It just comes naturally or it does not. You either connect with a person or you do no t. 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In the novel Their eyes were watching God by Hurston Zora, Janie Crawford is a black middle aged woman who has an intriguing story to tell. She has been away from her home town for few years and comes back to be welcomed by harsh and barely near factual gossip and criticism. In life

Fm Transmitter Free Essays

FM Transmitter Here is the schematic, PC board pattern, and parts placement for a low powered FM transmitter. The range of the transmitter when running at 9V is about 300 feet. Running it from 12V increases the range to about 400 feet. We will write a custom essay sample on Fm Transmitter or any similar topic only for you Order Now This transmitter should not be used as a room or telephone bug. PartTotal Qty. DescriptionSubstitutions C110. 001uf Disc Capacitor C215. 6pf Disc Capacitor C3,C4210uf Electrolytic Capacitor C513-18pf Adjustable Cap R11270 Ohm 1/8W Resistor270 Ohm 1/4W Resistor R2,R5,R634. 7k 1/8W Resistor4. 7K 1/4W Resistor R3110k 1/8W Resistor10K 1/4W Resistor R41100k 1/8W Resistor100K 1/4W Resistor Q1, Q222N2222A NPN Transistor2N3904, NTE123A L1, L225 Turn Air Core Coil MIC1Electret Microphone MISC19V Battery Snap, PC Board, Wire For Antenna †¢ L1 and L2 are 5 turns of 28 AWG enamel coated magnet wire wound with a inside diameter of about 4mm. The inside of a ballpoint pen works well (the plastic tube that holds the ink). Remove the form after winding then install the coil on the circuit board, being careful not to bend it. †¢ C5 is used for tuning. This transmitter operates on the normal broadcast frequencies (88-108MHz). †¢ Q1 and Q2 can also be 2N3904 or something similar. †¢ You can use 1/4 W resistors mounted vertically instead of 1/8 W resistors. †¢ You may want to bypass the battery with a . 01uf capacitor. †¢ An antenna may not be required for operation. How to cite Fm Transmitter, Papers

Goat Industry in Bataan free essay sample

Goat industry has been one of the promising sectors in the whole livestock industry. However, this is one of the sectors in the industry that has less government support. In fact, less has been done in the production of this small ruminant thus it is expected that there is low supply of the goat meat or chevon, which is a very good alternate or substitute to the much expensive beef and pork. In Bataan, goat ranked fourth in the preferred list of domesticated animals (goat ranks third in the ruminant category) in the farm, according to the Office of the Provincial Veterinarian (OPV-Bataan). Aside from low investment capital required, goat raising is favored due to the popularity of chevon among the local consumers manifested by the ever increasing demands among eateries and during special occasions. With the intention of determining the present status of production, the industry’s problems and prospects, a comprehensive study must be done, hence this study. Objectives Essentially, the objective of this study is to determine the socio-economic conditions of goat raiser in the province of Bataan. Specifically this study aims to determine the present status of the goat industry as to the current population, goat management practices, goat genetic improvement practices as well as marketing problems and potentials. Methodology Gathering of primary data from interviews on people directly engaged in backyard as well as in commercial production will be done. This will encompass goat production practitioners who will be categorized into traditional farmers, STBF beneficiaries, agricultural government institutions engaged in breeding, production and distributions, non-government organizations and agricultural state colleges and institutions that have had vast experiences in the field. Secondary data will be sourced out from publications, books, articles, magazines, and the internet. These will include information encompassing all aspects of the goat industry especially on the production or supply side in the province of Bataan. These data and information will be of help in determining the directions of goat industry specifically for the province and in the region in general. The Philippines Goat Industry According to BAS, the country’s goat inventory as of January 1, 2009 was estimated at 4. 19 million heads, 0. 42% percent higher compared with last year’s headcount which was pegged at 4. 17 million heads (Table 2). Around 37. 39 percent of the goat population were female breeders or doe, 8. 89 percent were male breeders or buck, 32. 75 percent were kids, and 20. 7 percent were classified as castrated male and other goat for fattening (Figure 2). The annual average farmgate price of live goat increased by 16. 65 percent from Php 75. 29 per kilogram in 2008 to Php 87. 83 per kilogram in 2009. The Bataan Goat Industry: A Preview A total of 133 respondents or an average of eleven (11) goat raisers in each of the twelve (12) municipalities of Bataan were initially interviewed and were provided with questionnaires regarding basic goat management practices in order to somehow see the current trend in the province’s goat industry. Demographic Profile Based on the number of respondents, goat raisers are predominantly male having eight-eight percent (88%) and twelve percent (12%) female. Most of them are farmers while others are entrepreneurs. [pic][pic] As shown in Figure 4, majority of goat raisers belong to the 36-40 age bracket, followed by the 41-45 age group. Most of the respondents have a monthly income of Php4,000 to Php6,000 which is basically small, that is why most of them consider goat raising as an alternative source of income (Figure 5). [pic] Population by Breed and Classification [pic] The above figure (Figure 6) shows that goats being raised or bred by farmers are mostly native goats (87%). Those farmers who have a goat population size of about 10 or more heads have upgraded goats (13%), usually with Anglonubian lineage. No purebred and fullblooded goats were listed since these are expensive and most of the respondents are ordinary farmers. Goat Management Practices Housing Local sheds are the most commonly used housing of goats in Bataan. Goat housing made up of improved local materials are used by farmers only when there goat population reaches 15 to 20, which in this case, does not happen often. [pic] Population Mix It could be seen at once in Figure 8 that all respondents do not practice segregation of goats, either by age or by sex. Most of the respondents say that these are expensive since you have to establish partitions on forage areas as well as to the goat housing, while others find it time-consuming, since goat raising is usually only an alternative source of income. [pic] Feeding Practices [pic] As shown in the above figure, free-range feeding or complete grazing and tethering feeding systems are common to backyard farmers who raise three to five native does. Mixture of confinement and pasture grazing practices is done when concentrate supplementation is done, which in most cases are only done occassionally, and when there is available pasture areas nearby. Most of the large-scale farmers use semi-confinement system and most of them raise upgraded goats and crosses. Rotational grazing is done by farmers based on the availability of diverse forage grasses in pasture areas. Confinement feeding is seldomly practiced since grasses are cut and given directly to goats and this entails cost and time of farmers who consider goat raising only as an alternative source of income. But whatever system a farmer adopts, he needs to have a good pasture area. Type of Pasture Most of the respondents only rely on native grasses or what is readily available in their respective pasture areas (89%) while others who find time and has enough money to set up an improved pasture area, plant diverse varieties of forage grasses for goat consumption. Most backyard goat raisers often overlook the importance of nutrition as one of the leading factors in goat production. Good nutrition gives good production and consequently higher income. This can be only achieved if you have good quality forage for the animals. Unfortunately, only 11% of the total number of respondents establishes improved forage areas. pic] Disease Prevention [pic] Most of the farmers rely on the disease prevention programs that are initiated by the Office of the Provincial Veterinarian (OPV) in collaboration with municipal LGUs, in which vaccination is the most common practice in keeping goats healthy and dise ase-free. Vitamins supplementation or the provision of mineral block or salt is also a common practice done by farmers since this is inexpensive and salt is common to any household. Deworming, delousing and hoof trimming are also done by farmers with the aid of OPV personnel, although not as frequent as giving vitamins supplementation and vaccination. Breeding Practices Since most of the respondents have only local sheds to house their stocks and population mix is mostly communal, bucks are just left to roam around within the herd. Those who practice controlled breeding practices either has an appropriate goat housing or has a purebred or upgraded breeder buck. The breeder buck in this case has a separate house or a partition inside a goat house could be seen. [pic] Breeder Genetic Make-Up Since upgraded and purebred bucks costs much, most of the respondents use native bucks in breeding. Those who has the capacity to have upgraded bucks or purebred bucks prefer Anglonubian and Saanen breeds. Some communities have a common anglonubian or saanen breeder buck that roams around. These groups regularly replace the said breeder after goat raisers have produced kids using their breeder stock to avoid inbreeding. [pic] Genetic Improvement Practices Because of seminars and orientations done by LGUs and government agencies, farmers are more and more becoming aware of the advantages of genetic improvement practices. Not only does upgraded goats costs higher that native ones, they also produce more milk and kidding rate is higher. Most of the farmers make sure that there is absence of in-breeding (55%) in the herd. Infusion of new blood lines (40%) is also practiced in order to fully improve the genetic make-up of their stocks. Lastly, semi-commercial and commercial scale raisers practices continuous selection and culling of goats with undesirable traits and characteristics. [pic] Finance and Marketing Marketing Practices and Pricing Marketing and pricing of goats are usually done by estimation. Based on the conducted interviews, a one-year old to two-year old goat (by estimation/no fixed price) usually sells for Php1,500 to as high as Php3,000 in Bataan. Goats are usually marketed as goat delicacies especially during special occasions such as feasts and birthdays. Selling goat by weight (per kilo basis) is more often used when dealing with breeder goats, and slaughter goats. Goat raisers who are already immersed in the goat industry are very critical to the age and liveweight of the breeder goats they will purchase. Upgraded breeder bucks usually sell for Php8,000 to Php10,000. Purebred and full blood bucks prices ranges from Php20,000 to Php30,000. Volume of Sales and Frequency of Selling Backyard raisers who have at least ten stocks usually sell stocks quarterly, disposing one to two heads per transaction. Those who have twenty or more goat usually dispose ten heads every six months or sometimes yearly, depending on the demand. Concluding Remarks Goat industry in Bataan has been evolving considering that there are actually efforts to increase production and management of goat in the field. Although majority of them are backyard raisers, they are very much will in developing their farms using advanced technology in their management practices. Nonetheless, there are still few who are adapting the said technology and still into knowledge creation without application primarily due to many considerations such as resources. The province is still not a chevon eater, the reason why there is still a considerable low market, low volume in the area. But despite of this, there are still farmers and entrepreneurs that are into goat production because of the demand of nearby areas outside of the province thus an opportunity to further increase both the supply and demand side. On the supply side, improving production system will further increase and improve volume of production in the province while on the demand side, appreciation of the quality of goat products among other alternatives such as pork, chicken and beef is still necessary. This could be done by having slaughtered goats go through hygienic meat processing certified by local meat inspectors and then introducing and promoting chevon to the local market and other meat stores.